The installation of the support utilizes the area around the crown and sides of the tunnel wall.
Pipe roofing in tunnels.
Pipe roofing is one of the umbrella arch methods where steel and or fiberglass pipes are installed around the tunnel periphery with an angle around 5 10 from the horizon.
Pipe roof is one of the tunnel support system used during a shallow tunnel construction.
As with roofs explorers bypass locks to enter mechanical rooms and the connected tunnels.
It acts as a temporary reinforcement to enhance the soil structure before any excavation being held.
Tunnel access points tend to be in locked mechanical rooms where steam pipes and other utilities enter a building and through manholes.
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In these areas tunneling can cause ground settlement endangering buildings and other structures on the surface as well as the people working inside the tunnel.
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The answer is pipe roofing the technique of pre reinforcing the ground ahead of the tunnel face to ensure that the excavation can proceed.